Ћетодические рекомендации ƒл€ выполнени€ необходимо изучить следующий материал. Conditional mood. Subjunctive mood. The system of education in Great Britain and the USA. The higher education in Great Britain and the USA. Learn the Topical Vocabulary by heart (pp. Read and translate the texts: УSchools and Universities in the USAФ (p.

17) УPrimary and Secondary Schools in BritainФ (p. 28-30) УAdmission ProceduresФ (p. УHigher Education in Great BritainФ (p. УTeacher Training in Great BritainФ (p.

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TEXT 7SUMMER SCHOOLS FOR STUDENTS. Summer schools in England for forei перевод.

Reading: ѕрочитать и перевести 10 страниц адаптированного художественного текста. —оставить вокабул€р. Ѕодготовить пересказ. Ћитература: 1., рылова грамматика дл€ всех: —прав. Ц ћ.: ¬ысша€ школа, 1989.

2., English grammar. Reference and practice:. Ц —ѕб.: јнтологи€, 2008.

Јнглийский €зык дл€ студентов €зыковых вузов: учебник / ѕод ред. Ц ћ.: јстрельї: ј—“ї, 2003. Онтрольна€ работа по практическому курсу второго (английский) дл€ студентов 4 курса (8 семестр) заочного отделени€ филологического факультета направление подготовки ЂЋингвистикаї (ѕќѕ Ц 4,6) 1. Supply the correct form of the infinitives in brackets. Translate into Russian: She (not to scold) me if I (to come) in time.

If Joan (to see) him waving, she (to wave) him back. If I (to stop off) in Boston, I (to stay) with my friends. What you (to do) if you (to be) in his place? If the children (to come) home late, they (to be punished). He (to find) a good job if he (to try) hard enough. They (not to be pleased) if we (come) without asking.

If I (to buy) the car earlier, it (to cost) less than now. If we (to take) our children with us, they (to love) it! If he (to know) the exam would be so difficult, he never (to take) it. Plete the following sentences: If I were better paid Е If he loses his job Е But for his bad behavior Е I wouldnТt have smoked so much if Е If Е, I wouldnТt be so tired today.

If youТd remembered the map, we Е IТd lend you my car if Е If it were not for the rain Е If it hadnТt been for his advice Е If you apologise Е 3. Open the brackets and use the suitable form of the verb. Translate the sentences into Russian: I wish he Е abroad at this moment (be). I wish he Е yesterday (come).

Ann wishes she Е a tennis player (be). I wish she Е tomorrow (call). I wish somebody Е me before it is too late (help). I wish you Е me soon (meet). I wish he Е me at last nightТs party (see).

Translate into English: 1. Ќн мог бы отвечать лучше, если бы постаралс€. ≈сли бы не ты, € бы мог потратить на это гораздо больше времени. ¬ы могли бы пойти с нами на концерт, если бы захотели. ≈сли вы не возражаете, € бы лучше отдохнула здесь.

∆аль, что вы навещаете нас так редко. ≈сли бы вы рассказали ему про письмо, он бы помог вам. ≈сли бы вы были более внимательным, вы бы не допускали так много грамматических ошибок. ∆аль, что ему пришлось отложить поездку. Я бы смогла помочь ей, если бы не ее упр€мство. ≈сли бы он сдал экзамены хорошо, он бы поступил в университет. ≈сли бы он не забыл о своем обещании встретить их на вокзале, они бы были уже здесь.

∆аль, она все ему рассказала. —ейчас ему придетс€ прин€ть решение. ≈сли они узнают новости, они сообщат нам. ≈сли бы она неправильно пон€ла вас, она бы не отправила письма.

≈сли бы не его ошибка, все могло бы быть по-другому. ∆аль, что они не смогут прин€ть участие в международной конференции. ≈сли бы не его уверенность в своих силах, он бы никогда не добилс€ таких блест€щих результатов. ∆аль, что она не понимает таких простых вещей. ≈сли им удастс€ получить разрешение, они смогут отправитьс€ в поездку на следующей неделе.

≈сли бы € была на вашем месте, € бы об€зательно прошла собеседование. «р€ вы не сделали этого. Vocabulary Types of education Х elementary (AmE), primary (BrE) Х secondary Х pre-school Х post-school/further Х higher/university Х compulsory Х all-round Х vocational Х free Х full-time Х part-time Х distance Х non-secular (AmE), denominational (BrE) / religious Х secular (AmE), non-denominational (BrE) Х to be educated at e. He was educated at Harvard, he was a Harvard-educated lawyer. Х (post)graduate course, student; (post)graduate research e.

She is doing a graduate course. She is a graduate student at Berkley. Х law school/medical school/business school (AmE) Ч a university or part of a university where students study law, medicine or business Х to be in (AmE), to be at (BrE) school/college/university Ч to study there e. We were in college together. My younger sister is still at school.

He is at Cambridge studying history. Х to attend/to go to school/university Х to drop out of school/to leave school Ч to leave school without finish≠ing one's studies Х to leave school, to graduate from high school/university Ч to success≠fully finish one's studies e. He graduated from Yale in 1989.

He left high school without graduating. Х school leaver/graduate (AmE), a college/university graduate Someone who studies Х pupil (formal in AmE)/schoolchildren (especially BrE): schoolboy, schoolgirl Х student - someone who studies at school/university or college in the USA; at college or university in Britain Х high school/college/university student Х history/English/art student Х first-year student/first-year, second-year student/second-year e.

The university only provides rooms for first-years. Х freshman (AmE) - someone who is in the first year at university or high school Х sophomore (AmE) - someone who is in the second year at university or high school Х junior (AmE) - someone who is in the third year at university or high school Х senior (AmE) - someone who is in the last year at university or high school e.

A liberal arts freshman, a biology junior, a history sophomore, an undecided freshman Х fraternity (AmE) - a club of male students usually living in the same house Х sorority (AmE) - a club of women students usually living in the same house Х major - 1) a chief or special subject studied by a student at a university e. His major is French.

He is majoring in French. 2) a student specializing in that subject: e. He is a history major. Levels at school, university Х grade (AmE) - I) a year of school in the US, starting from the first year of elementary school (aged six, after kinder≠garten), a form (BrE) e. He will be starting the third grade soon.

His high school grades leave much to be de≠sired. Х first/second, etc.

Year - the first, second, etc. Year at university in the US or in Britain, or the first, second, etc.

Year of school in Britain starting from the first year of secondary school (aged 11), or year one/ two, etc. Which is a more modern system e.

The UK year/form age year/form age year one/first year/form 11/12 year four/fourth year/form 14/15 year two/second year/form 12/13 year five/fifth year/form 15/16 year three/third year/form 13/14 sixth form: lower sixth, upper sixth 16-18/19 The periods into which the year is divided at school, university Х term - one of the three periods that the year is divided into at Brit≠ish schools and most British universities: the autumn/spring/sum≠mer term Х semester - one of the two periods that the year is divided into at Amer≠ican schools and most American universities: the first/second semester e. I took four classes in the first semester and five in the second. Х quarter - one of the four main periods that the year is divided into at some American schools and universities Х school year/academic year - the period of the year when there are school or university classes e. In Russia the school year starts on September I. The periods in which students are taught a particular subject Х class - a period of time usually about thirty minutes to one hour, in which a teacher teaches a group of students e. Hurry up - we have our first class in five minutes!

Х lesson - a period in which someone teaches one person or a small number of people, used especially about particular skills such as mu≠sic, swimming, or driving e. She gives English lessons to business people in the evening. Х lecture on, to give a lecture on e. A lecture on the causes of World War II, to give a series of lectures on Russian painting Х seminar on e. To have a seminar on modern political theory Qualifications, degrees Х smb's qualifications - all the exams someone has passed e. List your qualifications in the space below.

Х degree - the qualification that a student gets when he/she successful≠ly finishes a course at university, it can also mean a more advanced qualification e. He has a degree in political science from the University of Chi≠cago. Х to award a degree to smb Х bachelor's degree Ч a degree granted for the successful completion of a baccalaureate program of studies, usually requiring at least four years of full-time college-level study Ђcтепень бакалавраї Х B. Bachelor of Arts Х B.

Bachelor of Education Х B. Bachelor of Science Х associate degree - a degree granted in the US for the successful com≠pletion of a sub-baccalaureate program of studies, usually requiring at least two years of full-time college-level study which may be provided by a two-year junior college or technical college or community college Х A. Associate of Arts Х A. Associate in Science Х A. Associate in Applied Science Х master's degree - a degree awarded for the successful completion of a program generally requiring one or two years of full-time college-level study beyond the bachelor's degree Ђстепень магистраї Х M. Master of Arts Х M.

Master of Education Х M. Master of Science Х M. Master of Business Administration Х doctor's degree - an earned degree carrying the title of Doctor. This degree usually is based on a program requiring at least two academic years of original research leading to the defence of a doctoral disser≠tation. Doctor of Philosophy (in the arts and sciences) Х Id D. Doctor of Education e. To get this job, you need at least a Bachelor's degree in Elec≠trical Engineering.

She has a Ph. In Linguistics. Someone who teaches Х school teacher, a university teacher/a professor (AmE), a nursery school teacher Х subject teacher, a maths/chemistry, etc.

Teacher, a teacher of English/ an English teacher Х class/form teacher Х principal (AmE)/headteacher-headmaster/headmistress (BrE) Х a vice-principal (AmE)/deputy headteacher/senior master/senior mis≠tress (BrE) Х assistant teacher/instructor, a senior teacher/instructor Х good, poor, bad, excellent, experienced, mediocre, born, superior, great teacher Х tutor - someone who gives lessons to just one student or a small group of students e. They hired a private tutor to help Mary with her French. Х The basis of tuition in Oxford is the tutorial for which students are re≠quired to meet with their tutor once or twice a week, individually or perhaps, with one or two other students.

Х A tutor in Cambridge is called an adviser. Х lecturer (BrE) - someone who teaches at university or college e. A lecturer in World Politics Х professor - a university teacher of the highest rank in Britain, any uni≠versity teacher in the USA who has a higher degree such as a Ph. D.: a linguistics professor. He's a professor of biology at Cambridge. Х faculty (AmE)/teaching/academic staff (BrE) - all the teachers work≠ing at a certain school/ university Tests and examinations Х a test - a set of spoken or written questions or practical activities, which are intended to find out how much someone knows about a subject or skill Х a spelling/vocabulary/grammar/biology, etc. Test Х an oral/written test, an end-of-term test, a test in Literature, a test on the use of articles Х to give smb a test/to test smb on smth, to retest smb on smth Х to take a test on the term's work/in History Х to have a test on smth Х to revise for a test Х to pass a test, to fail a test Х test-paper, to mark test-papers Х student's record book, to sign smb's record book Х examination (formal)/e am - an important test that you do at the end of a course of study or at the end of the school year e.

How did you do in your exams? Students are not allowed to talk during the examination. Х French/biology/history, etc. Exam, an exam in Psychology Х entrance exam, an oral/written exam, school-leaving exams Х graduate/final exam Х final (singular) - an important exam that is taken at the end of a set of classes in the US e. I have a final in biology tomorrow.

Х finals (plural) - the last exams that you take at the end of a university course in the UK e. During my finals, I was revising till 3 o'clock in the morning most days. Х to take/sit for an examination - to do a test or exam Х to pass an examination - to achieve a good enough standard to be successful e. Only 30% of students who took the exam passed it. 'Did you pass?' 'Yes, I got an A.' Х to scrape through an exam e.

He scraped through his history paper. Х to fail/flunk (AmE coll.) an exam e. I failed my French exam two times. He thought he was going to flunk History but he got a C. Children in high school are called УstudentsФ.

American students pass through several curricula on their way to a high school diploma. Most sec≠ondary schools provide instruction in English, mathematics, science, social studies and physical education, but the time allotted to those basic subjects differs from one district to another. Instruction in compulsory subjects is sup≠plemented with a great variety of optional courses called УelectivesФ. Stu≠dents are guided by 'school counselors' in choosing electives. No overall exam is taken in order to graduate.

You just have to pass all the final exams given each semester. After finishing the 12th grade students receive a high school diploma.

Some students drop out of school earlier and never graduate. In their last year of high school, students often apply to more than one college or university.

Each college or university in the USA has its own re≠quirements for admission. Most colleges and universities require applicants to take a standard entrance exam: the American Collegic Test (ACT) or the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). SAT must be taken in your senior year in high school. It is given on a certain day in December or January at a local college.

The test takes a whole day. There are three parts: Math, English and Logic. Every student gets a book with questions. The book is divided into sections, with about 70 questions each. Each of the three subjects has a max≠imum of 800 points. The lowest score for getting into university is 550. The University Admission Office takes into consideration: 1.

The applicants' high school grades (transcripts); 2. Recommendations from high school teachers; 3. Applicants' scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and ACT; 4. The impression they make during interviews at the university. The system of higher education in the USA consists of four categories of institutions: universities, four-year colleges, technical training institutions and two-year community colleges. Depending on the source of financing higher education institutions may be either public (state-supported) or private.

The amount of money you have to pay depends on whether you go to a private college or a state university. At a private college the tuition is higher. Overall they are much the same as state universities. The subjects are divided into compulsory and optional. The sub≠ject the student specializes in is called a 'major'. Optional subjects are called 'electives'.

Every student is assigned an 'academic adviser' or a 'faculty adviser' who will help the student decide on a plan of study based on his/her goals and the requirements for a degree. Four years of undergraduate study at a university's 'undergraduate schools' or colleges lead to a Bachelor of Arts (B. A.) or Bachelor of Science (B. 'Graduate schools', which are part of a university or are separate in≠stitutions, offer advanced programs which lead to a master's (M.

S.), Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.) or Doctor of Education (Ed.

Junior colleges, technical colleges, and community colleges are two-year institutions, usually public, offering technical training and a basic academic program. Some junior and community colleges award only an Associate of Arts (A. A.) degree without specifying a major. Other junior, technical and com≠munity colleges award A. Degrees to liberal arts students and A. (Asso≠ciate in Science) or A.

(Associate in Applied Science) degrees to stu≠dents who major in science or practical technology. After receiving an A. Degree, many students transfer to four-year colleges or uni≠versities to complete the requirements for a bachelor's degree.

As a rule, the department makes a conditional offer. This means that the candidate will be accepted by the university if he fulfills the requirements stated in the offer. In his turn, the student may accept the offer conditionally.

When the Advanced level examination results come out in August, the university admissions department sees whether the candidate has fulfilled his conditions and. If he has, sends him a definite offer. The candidate must accept or refuse within 72 hours.

Text 3 Higher Education in Great Britain 'Higher Education' in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, which cur≠rently consists of some 96 universities and 70 or so Colleges of Higher Edu≠cation, means the stage of education which follows after one obtains qualifi≠cations equivalent to the Advanced Level of the General Certificate of Education. In Scotland, the qualifying examinations are called 'Highers', and some students take a Certificate of Sixth Year Studies, which is similar to A-levels. The concept of universal education was accepted in Scotland as early as the sixteenth century, long before such views prevailed elsewhere in Britain. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh Universities were established in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

Universities in Britain are divided into three types: 1. The old established universities, such as Oxford (founded 1249), Cambridge and Edinburgh.

Oxford and Cambridge together are often called Oxbridge. The 19th century universi≠ties such as' London and Manchester. The new universities established after World War II, such as Essex, Lancaster, The New University of Ulster. The higher education system consists of Universities, Colleges of Higher Education and a number of small specialised colleges in areas of study such as Fine Art, Music and Agriculture. Students or undergraduates can complete their first (Bachelor's) Degree in a minimum of three years.

Law degrees and some others require four years of study, while medicine takes longer. Students awarded their Bachelor's Degree are called graduates.

Universities, and to a limited extent Colleges of Higher Education, offer a wide range of one-year, or sometimes two-year, taught graduate courses leading to a Master's Degree. Universities also offer research degrees (Doctor's Degrees), which have a very limited taught element, and are an opportunity to undertake research over a period of, generally, at least three years. The period for the award of a research degree is not laid out: it depends on the progress made. Students working for their Master's and Doctor's Degrees are called postgraduates.

Most UK universities are keen to increase their numbers of postgraduate students. Many of the leading UK universities are looking forward to the development of Graduate Schools, Major research-based universities, such as Birmingham, Durham, Manchester, Sheffield and Warwick, have taken the initiative in setting up Graduate Schools, reflecting the very high level ac≠corded to postgraduate activities in these institutions. UK universities offer full time programmes and also part-time and dis≠tance learning programmes. An academic year is divided into three terms of about 10 weeks each. In 1971 the Open University was established, where the formal qualifica≠tions (GCSE A-levels) are not necessary.

Nearly a quarter of all adult part-time students participate in its degree courses on radio and television. Text 4 Teacher Training in Great Britain School teachers in the UK are trained in three ways: 1) at universities: Students who wish to take up school teaching take a first degree (usually Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science) in some subject(s).

Then they take a postgraduate course at a university Department (faculty) of Education leading to a Postgraduate Diploma in Education or Postgraduate Certificate in Education. 2) at colleges of education: Future teachers take either a degree course leading to a Bachelor of Education, or a shorter, less academic course leading In a Teacher's Certificate. At a college of education, a student studies educa≠tion parallel to his/her special subject courses. 3) at colleges of higher education: Students who want to be teachers first get a Diploma in Higher Education, then they take a teacher training course leading either to a Bachelor of Education or a Teacher's Certificate. Teachers with a degree are called graduate teachers (graduates), and teach-Хn with a Teacher's Certificate are called certified teachers or non-graduate teachers (non-graduates). Teacher training at any of the above-mentioned establishments includes studies, education studies and school-based experience or teaching prac≠tice. Education studies include lectures and seminars on educational history, theory, and psychology, as well as classes and seminars on teaching methods.

Teaching practice, usually at colleges of education, is divided into an 'observation period' for junior students and 'block-teaching' practice for Senior students. Junior students watch experienced teachers at work, observ≠ing demonstration lessons, and help with the extra-curricular activities. Se≠nior students usually spend fifteen weeks on teaching practice. They observe and give lessons, discussing them with a supervisor (tutor) on school practice, and learn the use of different educational aids and ovisual equipment. Ƒомашний очаг.:. »стори€:. ќкружающий мир:.

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